{"id":3651,"date":"2020-07-22T09:46:47","date_gmt":"2020-07-22T09:46:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/practice-school.eu\/part1\/module2\/biases\/"},"modified":"2021-06-30T13:32:35","modified_gmt":"2021-06-30T13:32:35","slug":"biases","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/practice-school.eu\/it\/part1\/module2\/biases\/","title":{"rendered":"DISTORSIONI COGNITIVE (BIAS)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Hero&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#D21A50&#8243; background_color_gradient_direction=&#8221;170deg&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0|0px|0|0px|false|false&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_4,3_4&#8243; make_equal=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/practice-school.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/logo-practice.png&#8221; disabled_on=&#8221;on|off|off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.8&#8243; width=&#8221;48%&#8221; width_tablet=&#8221;23%&#8221; width_phone=&#8221;40%&#8221; width_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||2px||false|false&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_post_title meta=&#8221;off&#8221; featured_image=&#8221;off&#8221; text_color=&#8221;light&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; title_font=&#8221;|800||on|||||&#8221; title_text_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; title_font_size=&#8221;54px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;45px||&#8221; title_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; title_font_size_phone=&#8221;25px&#8221; title_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221;][\/et_pb_post_title][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_fullwidth_menu menu_id=&#8221;20&#8243; submenu_direction=&#8221;downwards&#8221; active_link_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; dropdown_menu_bg_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; dropdown_menu_text_color=&#8221;#4e7b96&#8243; dropdown_menu_active_link_color=&#8221;#d6194d&#8221; mobile_menu_bg_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; mobile_menu_text_color=&#8221;#d6194d&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; menu_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; menu_text_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#4e7b96&#8243; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px|||&#8221; border_width_top=&#8221;3px&#8221; border_color_top=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; global_module=&#8221;5385&#8243;][\/et_pb_fullwidth_menu][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;4px|||||&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;|auto|-7px|auto||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||1px|||&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#7799d4&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#4e7b96&#8243; header_2_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#4e7b96&#8243; header_2_font_size=&#8221;24px&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#4e7b96&#8243; header_3_font_size=&#8221;25px&#8221; header_3_line_height=&#8221;1.3em&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;18px||9px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||32px|||&#8221; border_color_bottom=&#8221;#d6194d&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #666666;\">Accanto alle fallacie logiche, intenzionalmente o non intenzionalmente utilizzate da un interlocutore per convincere il pubblico riguardo la sua argomentazione per farla sembrare pi\u00f9 persuasiva o valida, un pensatore critico deve essere consapevole che i nostri processi di pensiero non sono sempre chiari o razionali, ma possono essere alterati da un \u201cfiltro\u201d che viene attivato dal nostro cervello in maniera inconsapevole, automatica e non facilmente controllabile. Questo filtro pu\u00f2 alterare il nostro modo di percepire le cose e influenzarci nel prendere decisioni logiche. Esso \u00e8 basato sulle nostre esperienze personali e preferenze, opinioni pre-esistenti e inclinazioni pre-sviluppate, e viene chiamato \u201cdistorsione cognitiva\u201d o \u201cbias\u201d (in inglese). Questo filtro \u00e8 attivato dal nostro cervello per classificare, dare priorit\u00e0 ed elaborare la grande quantit\u00e0 di input che riceve.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #666666;\">Cos\u00ec come i giornali tendono ad avere una &#8216;visione&#8217; organizzativa o un\u2019inclinazione politica e questo influenza sia cosa essi riferiscono che come lo riportano, allo stesso modo, tutti noi abbiamo le nostre opinioni e tendenze, provenienti da norme culturali e credenze, e queste influenzano il modo in cui creiamo le nostre opinioni e valutiamo ci\u00f2 che leggiamo o ascoltiamo, portando a deviazioni sistematiche da uno standard razionale o di buon senso.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #666666;\">Le strategie di comunicazione volte a convincere le persone su opinioni e idee, utilizzate ad esempio nella politica e nella pubblicit\u00e0 possono approfittare dei nostri bias cognitivi per dar forma alle nostre opinioni, facendo meno leva sulle prove, la ragione e la logica e pi\u00f9 invece sull\u2019attrazione dei nostri schemi difettosi di pensare e sentire.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #666666;\">Essere consapevoli di come il nostro cervello funziona in questo senso e di che tipo di distorsioni cognitive esistono \u00e8 utile per cercare di non esserne influenzati nello sviluppo delle nostre opinioni personali.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #666666;\">Di seguito \u00e8 riportato un elenco di alcune delle distorsioni cognitive pi\u00f9 comuni, suddivise in tre categorie principali.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#d6194d&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#d6194d&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;22px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||24px|||&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2><strong>BIAS DI SELEZIONE<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">I <em>bias<\/em> di selezione sono causati dalla scelta di dati non casuali per l&#8217;analisi. La distorsione esiste per via di un difetto nel processo di selezione del campione. Alcune informazioni sono scelte o ignorate inconsciamente, fuorviando l&#8217;analista verso una conclusione sbagliata.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_3,1_3,1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Bias di conferma&#8221; image=&#8221;https:\/\/practice-school.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Confirmation_1.png&#8221; image_max_width=&#8221;55%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#d6194d&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La tendenza ad accettare facilmente le informazioni che confermano il proprio punto di vista e ignorare o rifiutare informazioni che non lo supportano.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Bias di ancoraggio&#8221; image=&#8221;https:\/\/practice-school.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Anchoring-Bias.png&#8221; image_max_width=&#8221;55%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#d6194d&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La tendenza a dar troppo peso o eccessiva importanza ad una parte di informazione &#8211; spesso la prima parte di informazione che si \u00e8 appresa su un argomento.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Assenza di prove&#8221; image=&#8221;https:\/\/practice-school.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Absence-of-evidence_1.png&#8221; image_max_width=&#8221;55%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#d6194d&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Un fallimento nel prendere in considerazione il grado di completezza delle prove disponibili e non considerare l&#8217;impatto della mancanza di informazioni sulle conclusioni dell\u2019analisi. L&#8217;assenza di informazioni non indica l&#8217;assenza di un problema, ma l&#8217;impossibilit\u00e0 di ottenere informazioni su un problema potenziale.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;30px|||||&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_divider _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;3px|||||&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#d6194d&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#d6194d&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;22px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||24px|||&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2><strong>BIAS SOCIALI<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">I <em>bias<\/em> sociali sono il risultato delle nostre interazioni con altre persone. Il modo in cui elaboriamo e analizziamo le informazioni dipende dalle nostre relazioni con le persone che ci hanno fornito le informazioni o le ipotesi.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_3,1_3,1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Errore di attribuzione&#8221; image=&#8221;https:\/\/practice-school.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Attribution-error-1.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;jigsaw puzzle icon&#8221; image_max_width=&#8221;55%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#d6194d&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sopravvalutare spiegazioni basate sulla personalit\u00e0 per comportamenti osservati in altri, mentre si sottovaluta il ruolo ed il potere di influenze situazionali sul medesimo comportamento.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;3px|8px|3px|8px|false|false&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#4e7b96&#8243; border_style_all=&#8221;dashed&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #4e7b96;\"><em>Pensare che un agricoltore sia riuscito a vendere pi\u00f9 grano, perch\u00e9 \u00e8 molto laborioso, e non perch\u00e9 aveva le opportunit\u00e0 (magari vive pi\u00f9 vicino al mercato), i mezzi (magari ha usato nuovi fertilizzanti) ed il supporto (diversi membri della sua famiglia ad aiutarlo) per ottenere tali risultati.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Immagini Specchio (o Proiezione)&#8221; image=&#8221;https:\/\/practice-school.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Mirroring.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;man in front of mirror icon&#8221; image_max_width=&#8221;55%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#d6194d&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Supporre che gli altri agiranno allo stesso modo di come faremmo noi, date circostanze simili, o che la stessa dinamica sia in gioco quando qualcosa sembra accadere in un contesto simile a come accaduto in passato.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;3px|8px|3px|8px|false|false&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#4e7b96&#8243; border_style_all=&#8221;dashed&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #4e7b96;\"><em>All&#8217;inizio della crisi di Ebola, gli attori umanitari hanno supposto che le comunit\u00e0 colpite sarebbero state aperte a campagne di sensibilizzazione e sono stati invece sorpresi per l&#8217;atteggiamento aggressivo delle popolazioni colpite.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Stereotipi&#8221; image=&#8221;https:\/\/practice-school.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Stereotyping-1.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;Stereotyping icon&#8221; image_max_width=&#8221;55%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#d6194d&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aspettarsi che un gruppo o una persona abbiano certe caratteristiche, senza avere informazioni reali sulla persona. Esso ci permette di identificare rapidamente gli estranei come amici o nemici, ma si tende ad abusarne persino quando non c\u2019\u00e8 alcun pericolo percepibile.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;29px|||||&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_divider _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|||||&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.6.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#d6194d&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#d6194d&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;22px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||24px|||&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2><strong>BIAS DI PROCESSO<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Il <em>bias<\/em> di processo \u00e8 la nostra tendenza a elaborare le informazioni in base a fattori cognitivi, piuttosto che prove. Quando processiamo informazioni, spesso mostriamo errori di pensiero intrinsechi. Questi errori impediscono ad un analista di comprendere accuratamente la realt\u00e0, anche quando possiede tutti i dati necessari e le prove.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_3,1_3,1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Negativit\u00e0&#8221; image=&#8221;https:\/\/practice-school.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Negativity.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;negativity icon&#8221; image_max_width=&#8221;55%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#d6194d&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dare pi\u00f9 attenzione e dare pi\u00f9 peso a esperienze negative rispetto a quelle positive o ad altri tipi di informazioni.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;L\u2019illusione del trend &#8221; image=&#8221;https:\/\/practice-school.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Cluster_1.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;cluster icon&#8221; image_max_width=&#8221;55%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#d6194d&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sopravvalutare il valore dei modelli percepiti nei dati casuali. Il cervello umano eccelle nel trovare modelli e relazioni, ma tende a generalizzare eccessivamente. Di solito scambiamo la correlazione per la causalit\u00e0. Mentre le due potrebbero essere correlate, nel senso che sembrano seguire lo stesso percorso, non si causano reciprocamente.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Inquadramento della situazione&#8221; image=&#8221;https:\/\/practice-school.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Framing.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;Framing icon&#8221; image_max_width=&#8221;55%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#d6194d&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Essere influenzati nelle nostre decisioni da come una situazione viene presentata.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;30px|||||&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_divider _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;2px|||||&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#d6194d&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#d6194d&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;22px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||24px|||&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2><strong>ALTRI BIAS COMUNI<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_3,1_3,1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|||||&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Fissabilit\u00e0 funzionale&#8221; image_max_width=&#8221;55%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#d6194d&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tendenza a utilizzare un oggetto o un&#8217;idea solo nel modo in cui viene tradizionalmente utilizzato.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Effetto di mera esposizione&#8221; image_max_width=&#8221;55%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#d6194d&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Tendenza a preferire qualcosa solo perch\u00e9 se ne ha familiarit\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Non inventato qui &#8221; image_max_width=&#8221;55%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.7&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#d6194d&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||13px|||&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La tendenza a sottovalutare informazioni, idee, standard o prodotti sviluppati al di fuori di un determinato gruppo.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_3,1_3,1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|||||&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Reattanza&#8221; image_max_width=&#8221;55%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#d6194d&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L&#8217;impulso a fare il contrario di ci\u00f2 che ti viene chiesto per preservare la tua libert\u00e0 di scelta.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/practice-school.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Functional-bias.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;lightbulb in a box icon&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Functional bias&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;50%&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Bias dello Status Quo&#8221; image_max_width=&#8221;55%&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#d6194d&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La tendenza a volere che le cose rimangano relativamente le stesse di sempre.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#D21A50&#8243; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/practice-school.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Accountant-Image-39.png&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px|||&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_3,1_3,1_3&#8243; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||32px|||&#8221; 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use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;%%238%%&#8221; icon_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; content_max_width=&#8221;662px&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;15px||25px|0px|false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;|||-5px|false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;|||30px|false|false&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|||0px||&#8221; custom_css_blurb_image=&#8221;width: 40px; ||padding-top: 10px&#8221; custom_css_blurb_title=&#8221;padding-top: 10px&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; header_text_color__hover=&#8221;rgba(214,24,77,0.8)&#8221; header_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|hover&#8221; child_filter_opacity__hover=&#8221;80%&#8221; child_filter_opacity__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|hover&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>antonella.alessi@danilodolci.org<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_contact_form captcha=&#8221;off&#8221; 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